「How Asia Works」读后感 心得体会

作者：Joe Studwell

In the 1980s and 1990s many in the West came to believe in the myth of an East-Asian economic miracle. Japan was going to dominate, then China. Countries were called tigers or mini-dragons, and were seen as not just development prodigies, but as a unified bloc, culturally and economically similar, and inexorably on the rise.Joe Studwell has spent two decades as a reporter in the region, and The Financial Times said he should be named chief myth-buster for Asian business. In How Asia Works, Studwell distills his extensive research into the economies of nine countriesJapan, South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Chinainto an accessible, readable narrative that debunks Western misconceptions, shows what really happened in Asia and why, and for once makes clear why some countries have boomed while others have languished.Studwell's in-depth analysis focuses on three main areas: land policy, manufacturing, and finance. Land reform has been essential to the success of Asian economies, giving a kick start to development by utilizing a large workforce and providing capital for growth. With manufacturing, industrial development alone is not sufficient, Studwell argues. Instead, countries need export discipline, a government that forces companies to compete on the global scale. And in finance, effective regulation is essential for fostering, and sustaining growth. To explore all of these subjects, Studwell journeys far and wide, drawing on fascinating examples from a Philippine sugar baron's stifling of reform to the explosive growth at a Korean steel mill.Thoroughly researched and impressive in scope, How Asia Works is essential reading for anyone interested in the development of these dynamic countries, a region that will shape the future of the world.

「How Asia Works」读后感 心得体会

东北亚经济成功的三要素

1. 使耕者有其田,提高农业的产出。

2. 从农业解放的人口发展制造业。

3. 考虑长期发展的倾斜的财政政策。鼓励高产出农业，面向出口的工业。背景影响因素：人口红利，教育水平（并非直接相关）。其他因素：民主，法制：并非直接相关。气候：作者认为影响不大。

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1. 在亚洲大陆如何实现土地平等，两个字“抢劫”。这里的抢劫可以是相对温文的（日本、台湾），也有血腥的（中国大陆）。东南亚国家不搞抢劫，慢慢地就变废材了。美国的态度也有意思，麦克阿瑟主导了日本的土地改革，因为他听取了Wolf Ladejinsky，一个逃离苏俄的乌克兰人，的这样才能抵御共产主义的入侵的劝告。而在韩国的Archer L. Lerch则认为这是共党所为，拒绝在韩国进行土地改革。Wolf Ladejinsky最终被美国政府解雇，这反映了美国政府在这一问题上的最终态度。

私有财产神圣不可侵犯是资本主义的神圣不可侵犯的信条。但是在一个百分之十的人口占用百分之七十时的财富的社会绝谈不上平等。如果放下无用的道德清谈。落后国家的发展离不开“耕者有其田”这一阶段。因为传统农业是一绝对的劳动密集产业，使耕者有其田就可大量提高其产出。同时，占入口绝大多数的农民的富裕也带来社会的安定和大量的需求，从而拉动市场的形成和工业发展。政治上可以带来努力向上，自由竞争的社会气氛。

2. 经济弱国必须在有效的保护下才能成长。正如一个婴儿不可能与成年人扳手腕，每个成人都要经历相当的学习过程。这一成长过程与法制，自由无关（朴正熙把大资本家下狱，然后强迫他们签下愿意放弃其财产的说明，可谓肆无忌惮，但是他成功了），大量借贷，官商一体的裙带经济也可以有，但是国家必须有一个正确的政策导向：以出口为目标,鼓励竞争，提高技术水准。在初期阶段，自由经济是不行的。

3. 经济政策。政府管控下的已鼓励出口，鼓励竞争为目标的经济政策。

作者为中国写了一章，他虽然用“偏执狂”来形容共产党政权,但没有否认从务实的邓小平政权以来的成功。但是他认为中国的政策对私有企业不利，缺乏创新动力。